Quantum Computing

Quantum computing is a relatively new field that is gaining a lot of popularity. What differentiates quantum computing from classical computing? The idea of uncertainty in classical computing is unacceptable. However, this turns into an asset when it comes to quantum computing. Quantum computers are built upon the ability to explore probability and the exploration of multiple conclusions to real-world problems that require complicated conclusions.

Unlike supercomputers which would require an extended period to solve a large number of inputs, quantum computers are exceptionally fast at crunching huge amounts of data in a limited amount of time. Universal subatomic particles can be simulated through quantum computing through shared language input. Quantum computing will revolutionize our understandings of biology, chemistry and physics. Quantum computers are not faster than classical computers. However, quantum computers perform the same number of operations faster than classical computers (Mathas, 2019). This is achievable through the reduction of the number of operations using similar algorithms that a computer uses to arrive at a solution.

Classical binary computers use transistor-based processors in the performance of arithmetic calculations. Ones and zeros and on and offs which are pretty predictable. Quantum computers, on the other hand, change the whole idea that is used in classical computers. A comparison of quantum computers is like that of an energy-saving bulb and a candle. One cannot use the perfection of making a candle to create an energy-saving light bulb. This is because the two are based on completely different scientific principles. While classical computers apply the use of ones and zeros, the quantum computer uses quantum bits popularly known as qubits (Woodford, 2019). These are the basic building blocks of quantum computing. They are viewed as a quantum mechanical system that is in two states. Qubits can scale exponentially. A two-qubit element permits four calculations at a go while a four qubit element permits sixteen calculations instantaneously. To understand quantum computing we should first evaluate its basic properties entanglement, superposition and interference.

Superposition can be described as the capacity of a quantum system to exist in various states all at once. Confused? Good, now you are getting it. An example of superposition is the act of coin-flipping which either lands as tails or heads, which is binary. However, in midair, the coin presents both probabilities of landing as heads or tails. Before observation, an electron’s existence is superimposed in a quantum sense. Entanglement is the act of interconnecting objects by entangling them together permanently. If you are adding cubits to a quantum computer, twenty cubit quantum elements can observe two to the power of twenty states concurrently. Entanglement and increased power permit quantum computers to offer solutions at a more rapid rate using the fewest calculations.  Interference can be employed in manipulating quantum states and signal amplification and steer the quantum states towards the right answer while canceling out wrong answer signals. Quantum computers, however, possess a weakness to influence by environmental effects and weaknesses. The information has a limited time in which it can exist in a quantum state. The operations that can take place while in this state is limited. Understanding the time limit in which quantum calculations can occur is therefore essential.

Applications in which quantum computing could be employed once the technology is developed fully are endless. From material science to chemistry and nuclear physics main applications would include;

• Artificial intelligence
• Battery chemistry
• Chemistry
• Climate change/Earth science
• Energy
• Engineering
• Financial services
• Information security
• Material science
• Photovoltaics

References

Ghose, S. (February 1, 2019). A beginner’s guide to quantum computing. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/QuR969uMICM

Mathas, C. (August 13, 2019). The basics of quantum computing- A tutorial. Retrieved from https://www.edn.com/the-basics-of-quantum-computing-a-tutorial/

Woodford, C. (October 26, 2019). Quantum Computing. Retrieved from https://www.explainthatstuff.com/quantum-computing.html